timeout: --foreground, --preserve-status, and --signal.

--signal is simply a synonym for the exiting -s.

--foreground disables functionality we didn't yet have: putting the
child into a new process group. I've added the functionality and the
flag to disable it.

--preserve-status also makes it clear that our exit statuses didn't match
the coreutils version. In addition to callers that use --preserve-status
to get away from this madness, I also have callers that check for
specific exit values. This patch implements --preserve-status but also
fixes all the other exit statuses.

(The "125" exit value is broken for toybox in the same way that
`toybox grep --whoops ; echo $?` is. To fix this, we'd need some way to
signal that command-line parsing failures should exit with a different
value than the usual 1 --- 2 for grep, 125 for timeout. I've done as much
as grep manages, and left a TODO.)

Also add timeout tests. I couldn't think of an easy test for
--foreground, so I tested that manually with strace.

Also add some newlines to the `toybox --help` output to make it easier
to find the different sections, and expand the section on durations to
call out that fractions are supported as a matter of policy.

As long as timeout and sleep have text describing the duration syntax,
make them the same. (Personally I'd remove both in favor of the `toybox
--help` output, but as long as they're duplicated, keep them consistent.)

Also remove the SLEEP_FLOAT variant --- xparsetime means that sleep no
longer requires floating point to support sub-second resolution.

Config.in

@@ -28,11 +28,14 @@ config TOYBOX
 	  --help		Show command help (only)
 	  --version	Show toybox version (only)
 
-	  The filename "-" means stdin/stdout, "--" stops argument parsing,
-	  and numerical arguments accept a single letter suffix for
+	  The filename "-" means stdin/stdout, and "--" stops argument parsing.
+
+	  Numerical arguments accept a single letter suffix for
 	  kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta, and exabytes, plus an additional
-	  "d" to indicate decimal 1000's instead of 1024. Durations take
-          minute, hour, or day suffixes (ala 0.1m = 6s).
+	  "d" to indicate decimal 1000's instead of 1024.
+
+	  Durations can be decimal fractions and accept minute ("m"), hour ("h"),
+	  or day ("d") suffixes (so 0.1m = 6s).
 
 config TOYBOX_SUID
 	bool "SUID support"

tests/timeout.test

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+[ -f testing.sh ] && . testing.sh
+
+#testing "name" "command" "result" "infile" "stdin"
+
+# timeout's exit value is complicated!
+testcmd "times out" '.1 sleep 100 ; echo $?'  '124\n' '' ''
+testcmd "failure" '-s MONKEY .1 sleep 100 2>/dev/null ; echo $?' '125\n' '' ''
+testcmd "can't execute" '.1 / 2>/dev/null ; echo $?' '126\n' '' ''
+testcmd "can't find" '.1 /does/not/exist 2>/dev/null ; echo $?' '127\n' '' ''
+testcmd "custom signal" '-s 3 .1 sleep 100; echo $?' '124\n' '' ''
+testcmd "killed" '-s 9 .1 sleep 100; echo $?' '137\n' '' ''
+testcmd "TERM" '-s TERM .1 sleep 100; echo $?' '124\n' '' ''
+testcmd "exit 0" '.1 true ; echo $?' '0\n' '' ''
+testcmd "exit 1" '.1 false ; echo $?' '1\n' '' ''
+
+testcmd "--preserve-status" '--preserve-status .1 sleep 100 ; echo $?' '143\n' '' ''
+testcmd "--preserve-status killed" '--preserve-status -s 9 .1 sleep 100 ; echo $?' '137\n' '' ''

toys/other/timeout.c

@@ -4,24 +4,26 @@
  *
  * No standard
 
-USE_TIMEOUT(NEWTOY(timeout, "<2^vk:s: ", TOYFLAG_USR|TOYFLAG_BIN))
+USE_TIMEOUT(NEWTOY(timeout, "<2^(foreground)(preserve-status)vk:s(signal):", TOYFLAG_USR|TOYFLAG_BIN))
 
 config TIMEOUT
   bool "timeout"
   default y
   depends on TOYBOX_FLOAT
   help
-    usage: timeout [-k LENGTH] [-s SIGNAL] LENGTH COMMAND...
+    usage: timeout [-k DURATION] [-s SIGNAL] DURATION COMMAND...
 
     Run command line as a child process, sending child a signal if the
     command doesn't exit soon enough.
 
-    Length can be a decimal fraction. An optional suffix can be "m"
+    DURATION can be a decimal fraction. An optional suffix can be "m"
     (minutes), "h" (hours), "d" (days), or "s" (seconds, the default).
 
     -s	Send specified signal (default TERM)
     -k	Send KILL signal if child still running this long after first signal
     -v	Verbose
+    --foreground       Don't create new process group
+    --preserve-status  Exit with the child's exit status
 */
 
 #define FOR_timeout
@@ -38,10 +40,11 @@ GLOBALS(
 
 static void handler(int i)
 {
-  if (toys.optflags & FLAG_v)
+  if (FLAG(v))
     fprintf(stderr, "timeout pid %d signal %d\n", TT.pid, TT.nextsig);
+
   kill(TT.pid, TT.nextsig);
-  
+
   if (TT.k) {
     TT.k = 0;
     TT.nextsig = SIGKILL;
@@ -63,6 +66,11 @@ void xparsetimeval(char *s, struct timeval *tv)
 
 void timeout_main(void)
 {
+  // If timeout fails to parse its arguments, it exits with 125.
+  // TODO: this and grep both have a bug where built-in error checking like
+  // "too few arguments" will exit 1 instead of the custom value.
+  toys.exitval = 125;
+
   // Parse early to get any errors out of the way.
   xparsetimeval(*toys.optargs, &TT.itv.it_value);
   if (TT.k) xparsetimeval(TT.k, &TT.ktv);
@@ -71,10 +79,24 @@ void timeout_main(void)
   if (TT.s && -1 == (TT.nextsig = sig_to_num(TT.s)))
     error_exit("bad -s: '%s'", TT.s);
 
-  if (!(TT.pid = XVFORK())) xexec(toys.optargs+1);
-  else {
+  if (!FLAG(foreground)) setpgid(0, 0);
+
+  if (!(TT.pid = XVFORK())) {
+    char **argv = toys.optargs+1;
+
+    execvp(argv[0], argv);
+    perror_msg("failed to run '%s'", argv[0]);
+    toys.exitval = (errno == ENOENT) ? 127 : 126;
+    _xexit();
+  } else {
+    int status;
+
     xsignal(SIGALRM, handler);
     setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &TT.itv, (void *)toybuf);
-    toys.exitval = xwaitpid(TT.pid);
+
+    while (-1 == waitpid(TT.pid, &status, 0) && errno == EINTR);
+    if (WIFEXITED(status)) toys.exitval = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+    else if (WTERMSIG(status)==SIGKILL) toys.exitval = 137;
+    else toys.exitval = FLAG(preserve_status) ? 128+WTERMSIG(status) : 124;
   }
 }

toys/posix/sleep.c

@@ -11,18 +11,12 @@ config SLEEP
   bool "sleep"
   default y
   help
-    usage: sleep LENGTH
+    usage: sleep DURATION
 
-    Wait before exiting. An optional suffix can be "m" (minutes), "h" (hours),
-    "d" (days), or "s" (seconds, the default).
+    Wait before exiting.
 
-
-config SLEEP_FLOAT
-  bool
-  default y
-  depends on SLEEP && TOYBOX_FLOAT
-  help
-    Length can be a decimal fraction.
+    DURATION can be a decimal fraction. An optional suffix can be "m"
+    (minutes), "h" (hours), "d" (days), or "s" (seconds, the default).
 */
 
 #include "toys.h"