The Security Mode 4 of the Bluetooth 2.1 specification has strict
authentication and encryption requirements. It is the initiators job
to create a secure ACL link. However in case of malicious devices, the
acceptor has to make sure that the ACL is encrypted before allowing
any kind of L2CAP connection. The only exception here is the PSM 1 for
the service discovery protocol, because that is allowed to run on an
insecure ACL link.
Previously it was enough to reject a L2CAP connection during the
connection setup phase, but with Bluetooth 2.1 it is forbidden to
do any L2CAP protocol exchange on an insecure link (except SDP).
The new hci_conn_check_link_mode() function can be used to check the
integrity of an ACL link. This functions also takes care of the cases
where Security Mode 4 is disabled or one of the devices is based on
an older specification.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
With the introduction of Security Mode 4 and Simple Pairing from the
Bluetooth 2.1 specification it became mandatory that the initiator
requires authentication and encryption before any L2CAP channel can
be established. The only exception here is PSM 1 for the service
discovery protocol (SDP). It is meant to be used without any encryption
since it contains only public information. This is how Bluetooth 2.0
and before handle connections on PSM 1.
For Bluetooth 2.1 devices the pairing procedure differentiates between
no bonding, general bonding and dedicated bonding. The L2CAP layer
wrongly uses always general bonding when creating new connections, but it
should not do this for SDP connections. In this case the authentication
requirement should be no bonding and the just-works model should be used,
but in case of non-SDP connection it is required to use general bonding.
If the new connection requires man-in-the-middle (MITM) protection, it
also first wrongly creates an unauthenticated link key and then later on
requests an upgrade to an authenticated link key to provide full MITM
protection. With Simple Pairing the link key generation is an expensive
operation (compared to Bluetooth 2.0 and before) and doing this twice
during a connection setup causes a noticeable delay when establishing
a new connection. This should be avoided to not regress from the expected
Bluetooth 2.0 connection times. The authentication requirements are known
up-front and so enforce them.
To fulfill these requirements the hci_connect() function has been extended
with an authentication requirement parameter that will be stored inside
the connection information and can be retrieved by userspace at any
time. This allows the correct IO capabilities exchange and results in
the expected behavior.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Instead of duplicating the fields, integrate a user stats structure into
the kernel stats structure. This is more robust when the members are
changed, because they are now automatically kept in sync.
Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net>
Reviewed-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Instead of checking the value in include/net/ip_vs.h, we can just
restrict the range in our Kconfig file. This will prevent values outside
of the range early.
Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net>
Reviewed-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
this patch turns the netdev timeout WARN_ON_ONCE() into a WARN_ONCE(),
so that the device and driver names are inside the warning message.
This helps automated tools like kerneloops.org to collect the data
and do statistics, as well as making it more likely that humans
cut-n-paste the important message as part of a bugreport.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
sched: arch_reinit_sched_domains() must destroy domains to force rebuild
sched, cpuset: rework sched domains and CPU hotplug handling (v4)
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6:
bridge: don't allow setting hello time to zero
netns : fix kernel panic in timewait socket destruction
pkt_sched: Fix qdisc state in net_tx_action()
netfilter: nf_conntrack_irc: make sure string is terminated before calling simple_strtoul
netfilter: nf_conntrack_gre: nf_ct_gre_keymap_flush() fixlet
netfilter: nf_conntrack_gre: more locking around keymap list
netfilter: nf_conntrack_sip: de-static helper pointers
How to reproduce ?
- create a network namespace
- use tcp protocol and get timewait socket
- exit the network namespace
- after a moment (when the timewait socket is destroyed), the kernel
panics.
# BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at
0000000000000007
IP: [<ffffffff821e394d>] inet_twdr_do_twkill_work+0x6e/0xb8
PGD 119985067 PUD 11c5c0067 PMD 0
Oops: 0000 [1] SMP
CPU 1
Modules linked in: ipv6 button battery ac loop dm_mod tg3 libphy ext3 jbd
edd fan thermal processor thermal_sys sg sata_svw libata dock serverworks
sd_mod scsi_mod ide_disk ide_core [last unloaded: freq_table]
Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.27-rc2 #3
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff821e394d>] [<ffffffff821e394d>]
inet_twdr_do_twkill_work+0x6e/0xb8
RSP: 0018:ffff88011ff7fed0 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: ffffffffffffffff RBX: ffffffff82339420 RCX: ffff88011ff7ff30
RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: ffff88011a4d03c0 RDI: ffff88011ac2fc00
RBP: ffffffff823392e0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff88002802a200
R10: ffff8800a5c4b000 R11: ffffffff823e4080 R12: ffff88011ac2fc00
R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 0000000000000000
FS: 0000000041cbd940(0000) GS:ffff8800bff839c0(0000)
knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0018 ES: 0018 CR0: 000000008005003b
CR2: 0000000000000007 CR3: 00000000bd87c000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Process swapper (pid: 0, threadinfo ffff8800bff9e000, task
ffff88011ff76690)
Stack: ffffffff823392e0 0000000000000100 ffffffff821e3a3a
0000000000000008
0000000000000000 ffffffff821e3a61 ffff8800bff7c000 ffffffff8203c7e7
ffff88011ff7ff10 ffff88011ff7ff10 0000000000000021 ffffffff82351108
Call Trace:
<IRQ> [<ffffffff821e3a3a>] ? inet_twdr_hangman+0x0/0x9e
[<ffffffff821e3a61>] ? inet_twdr_hangman+0x27/0x9e
[<ffffffff8203c7e7>] ? run_timer_softirq+0x12c/0x193
[<ffffffff820390d1>] ? __do_softirq+0x5e/0xcd
[<ffffffff8200d08c>] ? call_softirq+0x1c/0x28
[<ffffffff8200e611>] ? do_softirq+0x2c/0x68
[<ffffffff8201a055>] ? smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x8e/0xa9
[<ffffffff8200cad6>] ? apic_timer_interrupt+0x66/0x70
<EOI> [<ffffffff82011f4c>] ? default_idle+0x27/0x3b
[<ffffffff8200abbd>] ? cpu_idle+0x5f/0x7d
Code: e8 01 00 00 4c 89 e7 41 ff c5 e8 8d fd ff ff 49 8b 44 24 38 4c 89 e7
65 8b 14 25 24 00 00 00 89 d2 48 8b 80 e8 00 00 00 48 f7 d0 <48> 8b 04 d0
48 ff 40 58 e8 fc fc ff ff 48 89 df e8 c0 5f 04 00
RIP [<ffffffff821e394d>] inet_twdr_do_twkill_work+0x6e/0xb8
RSP <ffff88011ff7fed0>
CR2: 0000000000000007
This patch provides a function to purge all timewait sockets related
to a network namespace. The timewait sockets life cycle is not tied with
the network namespace, that means the timewait sockets stay alive while
the network namespace dies. The timewait sockets are for avoiding to
receive a duplicate packet from the network, if the network namespace is
freed, the network stack is removed, so no chance to receive any packets
from the outside world. Furthermore, having a pending destruction timer
on these sockets with a network namespace freed is not safe and will lead
to an oops if the timer callback which try to access data belonging to
the namespace like for example in:
inet_twdr_do_twkill_work
-> NET_INC_STATS_BH(twsk_net(tw), LINUX_MIB_TIMEWAITED);
Purging the timewait sockets at the network namespace destruction will:
1) speed up memory freeing for the namespace
2) fix kernel panic on asynchronous timewait destruction
Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <dlezcano@fr.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86: cpu_init(): fix memory leak when using CPU hotplug
x86: pda_init(): fix memory leak when using CPU hotplug
x86, xen: Use native_pte_flags instead of native_pte_val for .pte_flags
x86: move mtrr cpu cap setting early in early_init_xxxx
x86: delay early cpu initialization until cpuid is done
x86: use X86_FEATURE_NOPL in alternatives
x86: add NOPL as a synthetic CPU feature bit
x86: boot: stub out unimplemented CPU feature words
What I realized recently is that calling rebuild_sched_domains() in
arch_reinit_sched_domains() by itself is not enough when cpusets are enabled.
partition_sched_domains() code is trying to avoid unnecessary domain rebuilds
and will not actually rebuild anything if new domain masks match the old ones.
What this means is that doing
echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/sched_mc_power_savings
on a system with cpusets enabled will not take affect untill something changes
in the cpuset setup (ie new sets created or deleted).
This patch fixes restore correct behaviour where domains must be rebuilt in
order to enable MC powersaving flags.
Test on quad-core Core2 box with both CONFIG_CPUSETS and !CONFIG_CPUSETS.
Also tested on dual-core Core2 laptop. Lockdep is happy and things are working
as expected.
Signed-off-by: Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com>
Tested-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The long noops ("NOPL") are supposed to be detected by family >= 6.
Unfortunately, several non-Intel x86 implementations, both hardware
and software, don't obey this dictum. Instead, probe for NOPL
directly by executing a NOPL instruction and see if we get #UD.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Fix some pasto's in comments in the new linux/tracehook.h and
asm-generic/syscall.h files.
Reported-by: Wenji Huang <wenji.huang@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I found we can no longer set limit to 0 with 2.6.27-rcX:
# mount -t cgroup -omemory xxx /mnt
# mkdir /mnt/0
# echo 0 > /mnt/0/memory.limit_in_bytes
bash: echo: write error: Device or resource busy
It turned out 'limit' can't be set to 'usage', which is wrong IMO.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
sched: fix process time monotonicity
sched_clock: fix NOHZ interaction
* git://git.infradead.org/~dwmw2/dwmw2-2.6.27:
Revert "[ARM] use the new byteorder headers"
Fix conditional export of kvh.h and a.out.h to userspace.
[MTD] [NAND] tmio_nand: fix base address programming
* 'fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/v4l-dvb: (98 commits)
V4L/DVB (8881): gspca: After 'while (retry--) {...}', retry will be -1 but not 0.
V4L/DVB (8880): PATCH: Fix parents on some webcam drivers
V4L/DVB (8877): b2c2 and bt8xx: udelay to mdelay
V4L/DVB (8876): budget: udelay changed to mdelay
V4L/DVB (8874): gspca: Adjust hstart for sn9c103/ov7630 and update usb-id's.
V4L/DVB (8873): gspca: Bad image offset with rev012a of spca561 and adjust exposure.
V4L/DVB (8872): gspca: Bad image format and offset with rev072a of spca561.
V4L/DVB (8870): gspca: Fix dark room problem with sonixb.
V4L/DVB (8869): gspca: Move the Sonix webcams with TAS5110C1B from sn9c102 to gspca.
V4L/DVB (8868): gspca: Support for vga modes with sif sensors in sonixb.
V4L/DVB (8844): dabusb_fpga_download(): fix a memory leak
V4L/DVB (8843): tda10048_firmware_upload(): fix a memory leak
V4L/DVB (8842): vivi_release(): fix use-after-free
V4L/DVB (8840): dib0700: add basic support for Hauppauge Nova-TD-500 (84xxx)
V4L/DVB (8839): dib0700: add comment to identify 35th USB id pair
V4L/DVB (8837): dvb: fix I2C adapters name size
V4L/DVB (8835): gspca: Same pixfmt as the sn9c102 driver and raw Bayer added in sonixb.
V4L/DVB (8834): gspca: Have a bigger buffer for sn9c10x compressed images.
V4L/DVB (8833): gspca: Cleanup the sonixb code.
V4L/DVB (8832): gspca: Bad pixelformat of vc0321 webcams.
...
trap_init issues flush_icache_range(), which uses ipi functions to
get icache flushing done on all cpus. But this is done before interrupts
are enabled and caused WARN_ON messages. This changeset introduces
a new local_flush_icache_range() and uses it before interrupts (and
additional CPUs) are enabled to avoid this problem.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
It is obviously good for userspace to know up front which
interface modes a given piece of hardware might support (even
if adding such an interface might fail later because of
concurrency issues), so let's make cfg80211 aware of that.
For good measure, disallow adding interfaces in all other
modes so drivers don't forget to announce support for one mode
when they add it.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Blackheath <tramp.enshrine.stephen@blacksapphire.com>
Signed-off-by: Ivo van Doorn <IvDoorn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Spencer reported a problem where utime and stime were going negative despite
the fixes in commit b27f03d4bd. The suspected
reason for the problem is that signal_struct maintains it's own utime and
stime (of exited tasks), these are not updated using the new task_utime()
routine, hence sig->utime can go backwards and cause the same problem
to occur (sig->utime, adds tsk->utime and not task_utime()). This patch
fixes the problem
TODO: using max(task->prev_utime, derived utime) works for now, but a more
generic solution is to implement cputime_max() and use the cputime_gt()
function for comparison.
Reported-by: spencer@bluehost.com
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Some architectures have moved the asm/ into arch/ and some have not.
This patch checks for a.out.h and kvh.h in both places before exporting
the corresponding file from linux/
[dwmw2: simplified a little]
Signed-off-by: Khem Raj <raj.khem@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
There is a ordering related problem with clockevents code, due to which
clockevents_register_device() called after tickless/highres switch
will not work. The new clockevent ends up with clockevents_handle_noop as
event handler, resulting in no timer activity.
The problematic path seems to be
* old device already has hrtimer_interrupt as the event_handler
* new clockevent device registers with a higher rating
* tick_check_new_device() is called
* clockevents_exchange_device() gets called
* old->event_handler is set to clockevents_handle_noop
* tick_setup_device() is called for the new device
* which sets new->event_handler using the old->event_handler which is noop.
Change the ordering so that new device inherits the proper handler.
This does not have any issue in normal case as most likely all the clockevent
devices are setup before the highres switch. But, can potentially be affecting
some corner case where HPET force detect happens after the highres switch.
This was a problem with HPET in MSI mode code that we have been experimenting
with.
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Adjust various debug outputs to use the new *_BUF macro variants for
correct output of v4/v6 addresses.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Convert functions for looking up destinations (real servers) to support
IPv6 services/dests.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Add xmit functions for IPv6. Also add the already needed __ip_vs_get_out_rt_v6()
to ip_vs_core.c. Bind the new xmit functions to v6 connections.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Extend functions for getting/creating connections and connection
templates for IPv6 support and fix the callers.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Extend protocol DNAT/SNAT and state handlers to work with IPv6. Also
change/introduce new checksumming helper functions for this.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Add 'af' arguments to conn_schedule(), conn_in_get(), conn_out_get() and
csum_check() function pointers in struct ip_vs_protocol. Extend the
respective functions for TCP, UDP, AH and ESP and adjust the callers.
The changes in the callers need to be somewhat extensive, since they now
need to pass a filled out struct ip_vs_iphdr * to the modified functions
instead of a struct iphdr *.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Add 'supports_ipv6' flag to struct ip_vs_scheduler to indicate whether a
scheduler supports IPv6. Set the flag to 1 in schedulers that work with
IPv6, 0 otherwise. This flag is checked in a later patch while trying to
add a service with a specific scheduler. Adjust debug in v6-supporting
schedulers to work with both address families.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Add support for selecting services based on their address family to
ip_vs_service_get() and adjust the callers.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Add extended internal versions of struct ip_vs_service_user and struct
ip_vs_dest_user (the originals can't be modified as they are part
of the old sockopt interface). Adjust ip_vs_ctl.c to work with the new
data structures and add some minor AF-awareness.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Add some debugging macros that allow conditional output of either v4 or v6
addresses, depending on an 'af' parameter. This is done by creating a
temporary string buffer in an outer debug macro and writing addresses'
string representations into it from another macro which can only be used
when inside the outer one.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Add a struct ip_vs_iphdr for easier handling of common v4 and v6 header
fields in the same code path. ip_vs_fill_iphdr() helps to fill this struct
from an IPv4 or IPv6 header. Add further helper functions for copying and
comparing addresses.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Introduce new 'af' fields into IPVS data structures for specifying an
entry's address family. Convert IP addresses to be of type union
nf_inet_addr.
Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
This patch adds a generic infrastructure for policy-based dequeueing of
TX packets and provides two policies:
* a simple FIFO policy (which is the default) and
* a priority based policy (set via socket options).
Both policies honour the tx_qlen sysctl for the maximum size of the write
queue (can be overridden via socket options).
The priority policy uses skb->priority internally to assign an u32 priority
identifier, using the same ranking as SO_PRIORITY. The skb->priority field
is set to 0 when the packet leaves DCCP. The priority is supplied as ancillary
data using cmsg(3), the patch also provides the requisite parsing routines.
Signed-off-by: Tomasz Grobelny <tomasz@grobelny.oswiecenia.net>
Signed-off-by: Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>
This patch consolidates the code common to TCP and CCID-2:
* TCP uses RFC 3390 in a packet-oriented manner (tcp_input.c) and
* CCID-2 uses RFC 3390 in packet-oriented manner (RFC 4341).
Signed-off-by: Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>
This extends the packet dequeuing interface of dccp_write_xmit() to allow
1. CCIDs to take care of timing when the next packet may be sent;
2. delayed sending (as before, with an inter-packet gap up to 65.535 seconds).
The main purpose is to take CCID2 out of its polling mode (when it is network-
limited, it tries every millisecond to send, without interruption).
The interface can also be used to support other CCIDs.
The mode of operation for (2) is as follows:
* new packet is enqueued via dccp_sendmsg() => dccp_write_xmit(),
* ccid_hc_tx_send_packet() detects that it may not send (e.g. window full),
* it signals this condition via `CCID_PACKET_WILL_DEQUEUE_LATER',
* dccp_write_xmit() returns without further action;
* after some time the wait-condition for CCID becomes true,
* that CCID schedules the tasklet,
* tasklet function calls ccid_hc_tx_send_packet() via dccp_write_xmit(),
* since the wait-condition is now true, ccid_hc_tx_packet() returns "send now",
* packet is sent, and possibly more (since dccp_write_xmit() loops).
Code reuse: the taskled function calls dccp_write_xmit(), the timer function
reduces to a wrapper around the same code.
If the tasklet finds that the socket is locked, it re-schedules the tasklet
function (not the tasklet) after one jiffy.
Changed DCCP_BUG to dccp_pr_debug when transmit_skb returns an error (e.g. when a
local qdisc is used, NET_XMIT_DROP=1 can be returned for many packets).
Signed-off-by: Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>
The problem with Ack Vectors is that
i) their length is variable and can in principle grow quite large,
ii) it is hard to predict exactly how large they will be.
Due to the second point it seems not a good idea to reduce the MPS; in
particular when on average there is enough room for the Ack Vector and an
increase in length is momentarily due to some burst loss, after which the
Ack Vector returns to its normal/average length.
The solution taken by this patch is to subtract a minimum-expected Ack Vector
length from the MPS (previous patch), and to defer any larger Ack Vectors onto
a separate Sync - but only if indeed there is no space left on the skb.
This patch provides the infrastructure to schedule Sync-packets for transporting
(urgent) out-of-band data. Its signalling is quicker than scheduling an Ack, since
it does not need to wait for new application data.
It can thus serve other parts of the DCCP code as well.
Signed-off-by: Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>
The constants DCCPO_{MIN,MAX}_CCID_SPECIFIC are nowhere used in the code, but
instead for the CCID-specific options numbers are used.
This patch unifies the use of CCID-specific option numbers, by adding symbolic
names reflecting the definitions in RFC 4340, 10.3.
Signed-off-by: Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>
